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991.
Mario Tiscareo‐Lpez Miguel Velsquez‐Valle Jaime Salinas‐Garcia Alma Delia Bez‐Gonzlez 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2004,40(2):401-408
ABSTRACT: Intensive cropping systems based on mechanical movement of soil have induced land degradation in most agricultural areas due to soil erosion and soil fertility losses. Thus, farmers have been increasing fertilization rates to maintain an economically competitive crop yield. This practice has resulted in water quality degradation and lake eutrophication in many agricultural watersheds. Research was conducted in the Patzcuaro watershed in central Mexico to develop appropriate technology that prevents nonpoint source pollution from fertilizers. Organic matter (OM) and nitrogen (N) losses in runoff and nitrate (NO3‐N) percolation in Andisols with corn under conventional till (CT) and no‐till (NT) treatments using variable percentages of crop residue as soil cover were investigated for steep‐slope agriculture. USLE type runoff plots were used to collect water runoff, while suction tubes with porous caps at 30, 60, and 90 cm depth were used to sample soil water solutes for NO3‐N analyses. Results indicated a significant reduction of N and OM losses in runoff as residue cover increased in the NT treatments. Inorganic N in runoff was 25 kg/ha for NT without residue cover (NT‐0) and 6 kg/ha for the NT with 100 percent residue cover (NT‐100). Organic matter losses in runoff were 157 and 24 kg/ha for the NT‐0 and NT‐100 treatments, respectively. Nitrate‐N percolation was evident in CT and NT with 100 percent residue cover (NT‐100). However, NT‐100 had higher NO3‐N concentration at the root zone, suggesting the possibility of reducing fertilization rates with the use of NT treatments. 相似文献
992.
Impact of Land Use on Soluble Organic Nitrogen in Soil 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Victoria B. Willett James J. Green Andrew J. Macdonald John A. Baddeley Georg Cadisch Steven M. J. Francis Keith W. T. Goulding Gary Saunders Elizabeth A. Stockdale Christine A. Watson David L. Jones 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2004,4(6):53-60
Although it has been hypothesized that soluble organic nitrogen (SON) plays a central role in regulating productivity in some terrestrial ecosystems, the factors controlling the size of the SON pool in soil remain poorly understood. Therefore our principal aim in this work was to assess the impact of seven different land use systems (rough and managed grassland, deciduous and coniferous woodland, heathland, wetland and tilled land) on the size of the SON and inorganic N (NO
3
–
, NH
4
+
) pools in the surface soil layer (0–15 cm). After extraction with deionised water, we found that in most cases the size of the water extractable organic N (WEON) pool was similar in size to the inorganic N pool. In contrast, the KCl extractable organic N (KClEON) pool constituted the dominant form of soluble N in soils under all land uses, perhaps indicating that significant amounts were held on the soil exchange phase. In contrast to inorganic N, which varied significantly with land use, the size of the KClEON and WEON pool was similar for all land uses with the exception of KClEON in tilled land, where significantly lower amounts were observed. We conclude that SON constitutes an important soil N pool in a broad range of land uses, and that its role in microbial N assimilation, plant nutrition and ecosystem responses to atmospheric N deposition warrants further attention.
SAFRD, University of Newcastle, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K. 相似文献
993.
长江口柱状沉积物中有机质C/N比的研究 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
对长江口四个站位沉积物中有机质的C/N比在垂向上的分布进行了研究,在影响沉积物中有机质C/N比的环境因素中,上覆水体的水深、盐度、密度以及浊度对其有一定的影响.在研究沉积物中有机质C/N比的分布及其影响因素的基础上,进一步估算了陆源输入和海洋自生有机碳在这四个站位沉积物有机碳中所占的比例,结果表明,海洋自生组分占沉积物总有机碳的比例分别为:53.57%(8号站位)、20.34%(11号站位),12.28%(17号站位)和32.73%(26号站位). 相似文献
994.
藻类与有机污染物间的相互作用研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
本文就若干有机污染物对藻类的毒性效应及藻类对这些污染物的富集降解作用进行了系列研究。结果表明,不同污染物对藻类的毒性有很大差别,其中三有机锡的毒性最大。此外,不同藻类对毒物具有不同的敏感性,其中扁藻Platymonas sp.和斜生栅藻S.obliquus最敏感。藻类通过生物富集和生物降解两种途径去除水中污染物,其中,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯最容易被去除。藻类固定化能够在一定程度上增加藻类对污染物的降解。 相似文献
995.
996.
997.
有机化合物水解的研究方法 总被引:39,自引:1,他引:39
有机化合物在水中的化学降解是其在环境中消失的重要途径之一,本文介绍有机化合物在水中的化学降解的研究方法,并给出研究实例。 相似文献
998.
999.
1000.
GIS技术在区域土壤有机碳储量估算方面的应用--以柴达木盆地为例 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目前在估算土壤有机碳储量方面的方法较多,并且都有其各自的特点所在。地理信息系统(GIS)技术作为当今一种在地学统计分析方面具有强大空间分析功能的计算机应用技术,在地学及相关研究领域得到了广泛的应用。文章首次尝试了利用该技术估算柴达木盆地土壤有机碳储量,该方法与其它计算方法相比,有简单、易操作、可视性好等优点。经计算,柴达木盆地的土壤有机碳储量约为62754.442 t,土壤平均碳面密度为6.105 kgm-2。 相似文献